Electron microscopy
 
Hyperbolic Tangent (Tanh) function
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The term "sigmoid" is a more general term that refers to any S-shaped curve. The Tanh activation function is defined as follows:

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This function squashes input values to be in the range (−1,1), mapping large positive values to close to 1 and large negative values to close to -1. The function is zero-centered, which can help mitigate the vanishing gradient problem compared to the sigmoid function.

The logistic function is an example of a sigmoid function because it has an S-shaped curve when plotted. Other sigmoid functions include the hyperbolic tangent function (tanh) and the arctangent function (arctan), among others (see Figure 3729a).

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Figure 3729a. Sigmoid functions ( Code).

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